Transmitters are electro acoustic components that produce sound waves from electrical signals, such as microspeakers and vibrators. Microspeakers are used for reproducing audio signals in devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, headphones, and speakers. Vibrators are used for producing haptic feedback or bone conduction sound in devices such as wearable devices, gaming controllers, and hearing aids.

Receivers are electro acoustic components that produce electrical signals from sound waves, such as microphones and sensors. Microphones are used for capturing sound waves in devices such as smartphones, cameras, voice recorders, and headsets. Sensors are used for detecting sound waves in devices such as ultrasonic transducers, acoustic emission sensors, and sonar systems.

To drive these electro acoustic components, which are usually passive, we need active components such as amplifiers, which increase the power or voltage of the electrical signals. Amplifiers are used for enhancing the sound quality and volume in devices such as speakers, headphones, and microphones.